Macular Degeneration
What Is Macular Degeneration?
Macular degeneration is one of the most common causes of vision loss in the United States. This progressive eye disease affects the macula, the central portion of the retina located at the back of the eye. The retina contains light-sensitive tissue that helps process visual information. When light enters the eye, the retina converts it into electrical signals that travel through the optic nerve to the brain. When the macula becomes damaged or deteriorates, central vision can become impaired.
Many people develop macular degeneration as a natural part of the aging process. While several types of macular disorders exist, the most common form is Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). AMD most frequently affects individuals over the age of 60, although it can begin as early as age 40. Regular comprehensive eye exams are especially important after age 60, as they can help detect early signs of this condition before significant vision loss occurs.
Symptoms of Macular Degeneration
Macular degeneration primarily affects central vision while usually leaving peripheral (side) vision intact. In the early stages, many people experience no noticeable symptoms. As the disease advances, symptoms may include:
- Blurred vision
- Dark or empty areas in central vision
- Visual distortion, such as straight lines appearing wavy or crooked
- Permanent loss of central vision
Types of Macular Degeneration
Dry Macular Degeneration
Dry macular degeneration accounts for approximately 90% of all cases and typically progresses gradually over time. It occurs when yellow deposits called drusen accumulate beneath the macula, causing the tissue to thin and deteriorate.
Wet Macular Degeneration
Wet macular degeneration is a more serious form of the disease and can lead to rapid, severe vision loss. It develops when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the macula. If these vessels leak blood or fluid, the macula can become damaged and distorted, significantly affecting vision.
Risk Factors for Macular Degeneration
The exact cause of macular degeneration remains unknown, and researchers are still working to understand why some people develop the condition while others do not. However, several factors may increase the risk, including genetics, poor nutrition, race, smoking, and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.
While macular degeneration cannot always be prevented, adopting healthy lifestyle habits may help protect your vision:
- Wear UV-protective sunglasses when outdoors
- Maintain a healthy, balanced diet
- Avoid smoking or quit if you currently smoke
Diagnosis and Treatment
Hundreds of thousands of Americans are diagnosed with macular degeneration each year, and an estimated 15 million people in the United States are living with the condition. If you have been diagnosed with macular degeneration, you are not alone.
Our doctors can perform a comprehensive dilated eye examination to evaluate your retinal health, diagnose macular degeneration, and discuss appropriate treatment options based on your individual needs.
If you are experiencing changes in your central vision, don’t wait until permanent vision loss occurs. Contact us today to schedule a comprehensive eye exam and protect your long-term eye health.